References for Quecksilber
C3000BC
Mercury causes loosening of teeth - Chinese literature
1907
"Effects and Use of Inorganic Drugs" H. Schulz, Dept of Pharmacology, Univ. of Greifswald.G. Theime, Leipzig 1907.
1936
Lain, E.S., and Caughron, G.S., Electrogalvanic phenomena of Oral Cavity Caused by Dissimilar Metallic Restorations. JADA, 23:1641, September 1936
1943
Bass M H Idiosyncrasy to metallic mercury, with special reference to amalgam fillings in the Teeth. J Pediat 23:215-218 (1943)
Markow H Urticaria following a dental silver filling - case report. New York State J Med 43:1648-1652 (1943)
1963
Engelman M A Mercury allergy resulting from amalgam restorations J Amer Dent Assoc 66:122-123 (1963)
1967
Strassburg M, Schubel R Generalized allergic reaction from silver amalgam fillings : Dtsche Zahnarztliche Zeit 22:3-9 (1967)
1969
Cook TA, Yates PO: Fatal mercury intoxication in dental surgery assistant. Br Dent J 127:553-5,1969.
1971
Wright F Allergic reaction to mercury after dental treatment. New Zealand Dent J 67:25l-252 (1971)
1973
5 - 8 % allergic to amalgam Rudner et al. Epidemiology of contact dermatitis in Nth. America Arch Derm 108 (4) 537-40 1973
Cutright D.E., Miller R.A. and Battistone G.C.: Systemic Mercury Levels Caused by Inhaling Mist During High-Speed Amalgam Grinding, J. Oral Med. 28, 100, 1973
Wood RW, Weiss AB, Weiss B: Hand tremor induced by industrial exposure to inorganic mercury. Arch Environ Health 26:249-52,1973.
How mercury poisoning affected one dentist. Dent Survey 49:64, 1973
1974
Batchu, Stone, Naleway, Meyer; Comparison of Particle Size Distributions of Dental Waste Water Under Various Clinical Procedures. J. Dent Res.74(SI):149
Ritchie, KA; MacDonald, EB; Hammersly, R; McGowan, DA; Dale, IM; Wesnes, K. Psychomotor Testing of Dentists with Chronic Low-Level Mercury Exposure. J Dent Res. 74(S1):420, A-160.
1975
Brun.R., Epidemiology of contact dermatitis in Geneva Contact Dermatitis 1:214-217 1975 27 % allergic to amalgam
Miller JM, Chaffin DB, Smith RG: Subclinical psychomotor and neuromuscular changes in workers exposed to inorganic mercury. A Indus Hyg Assoc J 36:725-33,1975.
1976
Manlyla DG, Wright OD: Mercury toxicity in the dental office: a neglected problem. JADA 92:1189-94,1976,
Lyer K, Goodgold J. Eberstein A, Berg P: Mercury poisoning in a dentist. Arch Neurol 33:788-90, 1976.
1978
Till T. and Maly K., Mercury in tooth roots and in Jawbones. ZRW. 87 (6) : 288-2909 1978
Merfield DP, Taylor A, Gemmell DM, Parrish JA: Mercury intoxication
in a dental surgery following unreported spillage. Brit Dent J 141:179-86,1976.
1978 Barber TE: Inorganic mercury intoxication reminiscent of amyotrophic
lateral sclerosis. J Occupat Med 20:667-9,1978.
Smith Jr DL: Mental effects of mercury poisoning. South Med J 71:904-5, 1978.
Langolf GD, Chaffin DB, Henderson R. Whittle HP: Evaluation of workers exposed to elemental mercury using quantitative tests of tremor and neuromuscular functions. Am Ind Hyg Assoc 39(12):976-84, 1978.
Zweben LL: Mercury poisoning: A case history. J New Jersey Dent Assoc 10-1, Winter 1978.
Cross et al., .Blood of Dentists, Lancet, 312, Aug.. 5, 1978
Craelius W Comparative Epidemiology of Multiple Sclerosis and Dental
Caries. J. Epidemiology and Community Health 1978, 32, 155- 165
Craelium W., Comparative Epidemiology of Multiple Sclerosis and Dental Caries. J. Epidemiology and Community Health 1978, 32, 155- 165 Causal comparison of the WHO map of dental caries incidences throughout the world reveals a striking parallel in general trend. Comparison of decayed, missing and filled teeth with the MS death rates results in a correlation coefficient of 0.97, and the probability of a chance occurrence is less than 0.002. This represents a nearly perfect linear relationship between dental disease rates and MS death rates.
Halbach Clarkson, Enzymatic oxidation of mercury vapours by Erythrocytes. Biochem. Biophys.Acta. 1978: 522-531
1979
Gar DD. et al Chewing releases mercury from fillings. Lancet 1979
McNerney RT & McNerney JJ Mercury Contamination In the Dental Office. A Review. NYS Dental Journal November 1979 pp 457-458
1981
Svare CW et.al. The effects of dental amalgam on mercury levels in expired air. Journal of Dental Research. 60(9):1668-1671,1981
Baruah et al 1981 Neurology (NY) 31:612-616
Gordon HP, Cordon LD: mercury vapour levels in Seattle dental offices. J Dent Res Abstract 1092 57A:347, 1981.
Larsen, TD et al. Effect of Prepared Cavities on the Strength of Teeth. Oper Dent. 6:2-5. 1981].
1982
Shapiro IM, Sumner AJ, Spilz LK, Cornblath DR, Uzzell B. Ship II, Bloch P: Neurophysiological and neuropsychological function in mercury-exposed dentists. Lancet 8282:1147-50,1982.
Bloch P. Shaplro IM: Summary of the international conference on mercury hazards in dental practice. JADA 104:489-90, 1982.
Albers JW, Cavender GD, Levine SP, Langolf GD: Asymptomatic sensorimotor polyneuropathy in workers exposed to elemental mercury. Neurology 32:1168-74,1982.
1983
M. Hanson J Ortho molecular Psychiatry 1983 12:194-201
Carmignani M, Finelli VN, Boscolo P
Mechanisms in cardiovascular regulation following chronic exposure
of male rats to inorganic mercury. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1983 Jul;69(3):442-50
Ship II, Shapiro IM: Mercury poisoning in dental practice. Compendium Continuing Education 4: 107- 110,1983.
Adams CR, Ziegler DK, Lin JT: Mercury intoxication simulating amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Amer Med Assoc 250:642-3,1983
Ingalls TH Epidemiology, etiology, and prevention of multiple
sclerosis. Hypothesis and fact. Am J Forensic Med Pathol, 4: 1,
1983 Mar,
55-61
1984
EPA Mercury Health Effects (update) Health Issue Assessment. 1984
EOA-600/8-84f. USEPA
Women chronically exposed to mercury vapour experienced increased
frequencies of menstrual disturbances and spontaneous abortions
A high mortality rate was observed among infants born to women who
displayed symptoms of mercury poisoning
OttK et. al. Mercury burden due to amalgam fillings. Dtsch. Zahnarztl Z 39(9):199-205, 1984
Abraham J, Svare C , Frank C,. The effects of dental amalgam restorations on blood mercury levels. Journal of Dental Research. 63(1):71-73,1984
Carmignani M, Boscolo P Cardiovascular homeostasis in rats chronically exposed to mercuric chloride. Arch Toxicol Suppl 1984;7:383-8
Lundström I M C Allergy and corrosion of dental materials in patients with oral lichen planus. Int J Oral Surg 13:16-24 (1984)
Morin, D et al. Cusp Reinforcement by the Acid-etch Technique. J Dent Res. 63:1075-8. 1984].
1985
Stortebecker P. Mercury poisoning from dental amalgam - a hazard to the human brain. 1985
Vimy MJ. Lorscheider FL. Intra oral mercury released from dental amalgams. Journal of Dental Research 64(8):1069-1071.,1985
Mackenzie, DF. The Reinforcing Effect of Mesial Occlusal Distal
Acid-etch
Composite Restoration on Weakened Posterior Teeth. Br Dent l. 161:410-4.
1985
1986
Handbook on the toxicology of metals. Vol II 2nd edition 1986
Jolly M, Moule A J, Freeman S Amalgam-related chronic ulceration of oral mucosa Br Dent J 160:434-437 (1986)
Mercury in pituitary glands of dentists Nylander: Lancet (1986 Feb 22) 1(8478):442
Uzzell, BP; et al. Chronic low-level mercury exposure and neuropsychological functioning. J Clin Exp Neuropsych. 8(5): 581-593, 1986.
McCullock, AJ and Smith, BGN. In vitro Studies of Cusp Reinforcement with Adhesive Restorative Material. Br Dent J. 161(12):450-2. 1986].
Friberg, Lind, Kulman, Nylander, Mercury in the central nervous system in relation to amalgam fillings. Lakartidningen, 1986: 83; 519-522
1987
M.Nylander et al, "Mercury concentrations in the human brain and kidneys and exposure from amalgam fillings", Swed Dent J 1987
Weaver T Auclair PL Taybos GM An amalgam tattoo causing local and systemic disease? Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol (1987 Jan) 63(1):137-40
1988
Hal A. Huggins, D.D.S.
Observations from the Metabolic Fringe
Mercury can bind to the oxygen-carrying site on haemoglobin and
restrict oxygen transport.
In chronically fatigued patients we found "normal" ranges
of haemoglobin in the patients studied. Venous oxyhaemoglobin levels
were tested simultaneously on the same patients.
Oxyhaemoglobin expected levels are from 65 to 75% saturation. On
our chronically fatigued patients the average saturation level was
40.3%
Berglund A, Pohl L, Olsson S, Bergman M. Determination of the rate of release of intra-oral mercury vapor from amalgam. Journal of Dental Research 1988;67:1235-242.
1989
Stortebecker, P. Mercury poisoning from dental amalgam through a direct nose-brain transport. The Lancet, May 27, 1989.
Gross, M. J., and Harrison, J A. (1989) Some electrochemical features of the in vivo corrosion of dental amalgam. J. of Appl. Electrocem. 19,301-310
Hultman: Murine mercury-induced immune-complex disease: effect of cyclophosphamide treatment and importance of T-cells. Br J Exp Pathol (1989 Jun) 70(3):227-36
Rhee HM, Choi BH Hemodynamic and electrophysiological effects of mercury in intact anesthetized rabbits and in isolated perfused hearts. Department of Pharmacology, Oral Roberts University School of Medicine, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74171. Exp Mol Pathol 1989 Jun;50(3):281-90
Snapp K R, Boyer D B, Peterson L C, Svare C W The contribution of dental amalgam to mercury in blood. J Dent Res. 1989 May; 68(5):780-5
Michel-I; Norback-D; Edling-C An epidemiologic study of the relation
between symptoms of fatigue, dental amalgam and other factors. Department
of Occupational Medicine, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.
Swed-Dent- J. 1989; 13(1-2): 33-8
Britt Ahlrot-Westerlund. Mercury in cerebrospinal fluid in multiple
sclerosis. Swed J. Biol Med 1 :6, Mar 1989.
1990
Huggins H., Its All In Your Head.1990
Siblerud RL The relationship between mercury from dental amalgam and the cardiovascular system. Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biological Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523. Sci Total Environ 1990 Dec 1;99(1-2):23-35
Khare, SS; Ehmann, WD; Kasarskis, EJ; Markesbery, WR. Trace Element
Imbalances In Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Neurotoxicology. 11:
521-32. 1990.
Arvidson, B. Accumulation of Mercury in Brainstem Nuclei of Mice after Retrograde Axonal Transport. Acta Neurol Scand. 82(4):234-7. Oct 1990.
More mercury from crematoria : Nature 1990 Aug 16;346(6285):615.
Hahn LJ, KLOIBER R, Leininger RW, Vimy MJ, Lorscheider FL. FASEB J. Nov 1990
Vimy MJ Takahashi Y Lorscheider FL Am J Physiol (1990 Apr) 258(4 Pt 2):R939-45
Nimo A et al J. Pros. Dent. Feb 1990 Particulate inhalation during the removal of amalgam restorations
Halbach S Mercury compounds: lipophilicity and toxic effects on isolated myocardial tissue. Gesellschaft fur Strahlen- und Umweltforschung, Institut fur Toxikologie, Neuherberg, Federal Republic of Germany. Arch Toxicol 1990;64(4):315-9
Godfrey M E Chronic illness in association with dental amalgam: Report of two cases. J Adv Med 3:247-255 (1990)
Katsununa T, Iikura Y, Nagakura T, Saitoh H, Akimoto K, Akasawa A, Kindaichi S Exercise-induced anaphylaxis: improvement after removal of amalgam in dental caries. Ann Allergy 64:472-475 (1990)
Zamm A F Removal of Dental Mercury: Often an Effective Treatment for the Very Sensitive Patient J Orthomolecular Med 5(53):138-142 (1990
Molin M, Bergman B, Marklund S L, Schütz A, Skerfving Mercury, selenium, and glutathione peroxidase before and after amalgam removal in man. Acta Odontol Scand. 1990 Jun; 48(3): 189-202
Siblerud R The relationship between mercury from dental amalgam and oral cavity health. LAnn Dent 49(2):6-10 (1990)
Skare: Scand J Work Environ Health (1990 Oct) 16(5):340-7Mercury exposure of different origins among dentists and dental nurses.
Fusayama-T. J-Prosthet-Dent. 1990 Nov; 64(5): 534-8
1991
Boyd ND Benediktsson H Vimy MJ Hooper DE Lorscheider FL Am J Physiol (1991 Oct) 261(4 Pt 2):R1010-4 Average plasma inulin clearance rate in 6 sheep before and at 30 and 60 days after placement of silver amalgam tooth fillings compared with inulin clearance in two control sheep before and 30 days after placement of glass ionomer fillings.
Naleway C, Chou H-N, Muller T, Dabney J, Roxe D, Farrida S. J Public Health Dent 1991;51:12-17.
P Sheridan Amalgam Restorations and Mercury Toxicity Master's thesis 1991
Ortendahl T W, Hogstedt P & Holland R P Mercury vapor release from dental amalgam in vitro caused by magnetic fields generated by CRT's and electrical cutting procedures. Swed Dent J 1991 p 31 Abstract 22
Nature 1990 Oct 18;347(6294):623 Nature. 1991 Feb 28; 349(6312)
Environmental Health Criteria 118; Inorganic Mercury. World Health Organisation, Geneva 1991.
Berglund F, Elinder G Thrombocytopenia in two children after placement of amalgam fillings in primary teeth. Sammanfattningar, Svenska Läkarsällskapets Riksstämma 27-29 nov 1991
Lopes, MP et al. Effect of a New Resin Inlay/Onlay Restorative Material on Cuspal Reinforcement. Quint Internat. 22(8):641-5. 1991.
Florentine, MJ; Sanfilippo, DJ, II. Elemental Mercury Poisoning Clinical Pharmacy. 10:213-21. Mar 1991.
Benton D. et al. The impact of selenium supplementation on mood. Biological Psychiatry, 9(11):1092-1098,1991
1992
Health risks from exposure to mercury from crematoria. The Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute Report, 51M 1/92.
Clarkson, T: "Overview of Mercury Vapour Toxicity, Toxicokinetics, and Critical Target Organs," Fundam Appl Toxicol, 1992, 19; 319-329
Ngim CH, Foo SC, Boey KW and Jeyartnam J. Chronic neurobehavioral effects of elemental mercury in dentists. British Journal of Industrial Medicine 49:782-790, 1992.
Siblerud R A comparison of mental health of multiple sclerosis patients with silver/mercury dental fillings and those with fillings removed. Psychol Rep. 1992 Jun; 70(3 Pt 2): 1139-51
Huysmans MC van der Varst PG Schafer R Peters MC Plasschaert AJ Soltesz U Fatigue behavior of direct post-and-core-restored premolars. J Dent Res (1992 May) 71(5):1145-50
Ronnback L, Hansson E Chronic encephalopaties induced by mercury or lead: aspects of
underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms. Br J Ind Med 49:233-240 ( 1992)
1993
Summers AO et al Antimicrob Agents Chemother (1993 Apr) 37(4): 825-34
Mercury released from dental "silver" fillings provokes an increase in mercury-resistant and antibiotic-resistant bacteria in oral and intestinal floras of primates- resistant to one or more antibiotics, including:
Ampicillin, tetracycline, streptomycin, kanamycin, chloramphenicol
Kasarskis, EJ; Ehmann, WD; Markesberry, WR. Essential and Toxic Trace Elements in Human Health and Disease: An Update. Pg. 299-310. Wiley-Liss, Inc. 1993.
Dr. Harold Loe, Director of the National Institute of Dental Research (NIDR), 1993 edition of "Dental Products Report":
Brehler R, Panzer B, Forck G, Bertram H P Mercury sensitization in amalgam fillings. Assessment from a dermatologic viewpoint Dtsch Med Wochenschr 1993 Apr 2 118:13 451-6
Lichtenberg H J Elimination of symptoms by removal of dental amalgam from mercury poisoned patients, as compared with a control group of average patients. J Orthomol Med 8:145-148 (1993)
Foo, SC; Ngim, CH; Salleh, I; Jeyaratnam, J; Boey, KW. Neurobehavioral Effects in Occupational Chemical Exposure. Environ Res. 1993, Feb. 60(2): 267-73.
Ferrari, M., Directed Shrinkage Technique in Class V Composite Restorations: in Vivo Microscopic Evaluation and Clinical Procedure, Practical Periodontics and Aesthetic Dentistry, Vol. 5, No. 7, September 1993,
Dickinson-GL; Gerbo-LR; Leinfelder-KF Am-J-Dent. 1993 Apr; 6(2): 85-7
Willems-G; Lambrechts-P; Braem-M; Vanherle-GJ-Dent. 1993 Apr; 21(2): 74-8
Danersund A, Lindvall A, Stejskal V. Deviant Immunological reactions
to metals in patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, Medical Congress
Stockholm 1993
Huysmans MC Van der Varst PG Finite element analysis of quasistatic and fatigue failure of post and cores [published erratum appears in J Dent 1993 Jun;21(3):190]J Dent (1993 Feb) 21(1):57-64
1994
Redhe O & Pleva J Recovery from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and from allergy after removal of dental amalgam fillings. Int J Risk & Safety in Med 4:229-236 (1994)
Prof. Boyd Haley 'Panorama 1994'
"I would not want to make the statement that mercury causes Alzheimer's disease, but there is no doubt in my mind that low levels of mercury, present in the brain, could cause the normal cell death and that this could lead to a dementia which would be similar to Alzheimer's disease."
G. Drasch et al. Mercury Burden of Human Fetal and lnfant Tissues. Eur J Pediatrics, 153[8], 607-610, 1994).
Oliveira EM, Vassallo DV, Sarkis JJ, Mill JG Mercury effects on the contractile activity of isolated heart muscle. Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1994 Sep;128(1):86-91
Bergdahl J, Anneroth G, Stenman E Description of persons with symptoms presumed to be caused by electricity or visual display units--oral aspects. Scand J Dent Res. 1994 Feb; 102(1): 41-5
Begerow J, Zander D, Freier I, Dunemann L Long-term mercury excretion in urine after removal of amalgam fillings Int Arch Occup Environ Health 1994 66:3 209-12
Siblerud R, Kienholz E Evidence that mercury from silver dental fillings may be an etiological factor in multiple sclerosis. Sci Total Environ. 1994 Mar 15; 142(3):191-205
Godfrey M, Campbell N, (1994), Journal of Advancement in Medicine, Volume 7, Number 1, Spring 1994
Sandborgh Englund G Dahlqvist R Lindelof B Soderman E Jonzon B Vesterberg O Larsson KS DMSA administration to patients with alleged mercury poisoning from dental amalgams: a placebo-controlled study. J Dent Res (1994 Mar) 73(3):620-8
1995
Haley, BE. et al FASEB J. 9(4): A-3845. FASEB Annual Meeting, Atlanta Georgia, 10 March 1995. Small amounts of Mercury from amalgam can cause changes in the brain that are identical to those observed in Alzheimer's Disease Patients
G. Mark Richardson PhD.,ASSESSMENT OF MERCURY EXPOSURE AND RISKS FROM DENTAL AMALGAM Medical Devices Bureau, Environmental Health Directorate, Health Canada December 1995
Professor John Dwyer, Professor of Medicine, the University of New South Wales Head of the Department of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital Australian Dental Association MEDIA RELEASE April 1995 News Bulletin re the media conference held in Feb 1995
Richard J Simonsen Editor in Chief Quintessence International Vol 26 No 3 1995
Henriksson E, Mattsson U, Håkansson J Healing of Lichenoid Reactions Following Removal of Amalgam - a Clinical Follow-:. J Clin Periodont 22(4):287-294 (1995)
Smart E R, Macleod R I, Lawrence C M Resolution of lichen planus following removal of amalgam restorations in patients with proven allergy to mercury salts: a pilot study. Br Dent J 178(3):108-112 (1995)
Echeverria, D; Heyer, NJ; Martin, MD; Naleway, CA; Woods, JS; Bittner AC, Jr. Behavioral Effects of Low-Level Exposure to Hg° Among Dentists. Neurotoxicology and Teratology. 17(2):161-168, 1995
Akesson I Lundborg G Horstmann V Skerfving S Neuropathy in female dental personnel exposed to high frequency vibrations. Occup Environ Med (1995 Feb) 52(2):116-23
Gonzalez-Ramirez, D. Et al.. J Pharmacol Exp Therap. 272:264-274,1995
Drasch, G., et al.: Silver concentrations in human tissues, their dependence on dental amalgam and other factors. Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, 9(2): 82-7, 1995
1996
Newland MC Warfvinge K Berlin M Behavioral consequences of in utero exposure to mercury vapor: alterations in lever-press durations and learning in squirrel monkeys. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol (1996 Aug) 139(2):374-86
Prenatal Hg Vapour Exposure - Exposure to mercury vapor in utero results in the accumulation of mercury in the cerebellum, hippocampus, and other regions of the nervous system associated with motor function and learning
Exposed monkeys were found to produce smaller or slower transitions than controls
Fredriksson A Dencker L Archer T Danielsson BR. Neurotoxicol Teratol (1996 Mar-Apr) 18(2):129-34
Prenatal coexposure to metallic mercury vapour and methylmercury produce interactive behavioural changes in adult rats.
Prenatal exposure to Hg causes alterations to both spontaneous and learned behaviours, suggesting some deficit in adaptive functions
Coexposure to MeHg, served to significantly aggravate the changes
Dally A Hendry BMJ (1996 Jul 6) 313(7048):44 Declining sperm count
Increasing evidence that Young's syndrome is associated with mercury
Moszczynski P Rutowski J Slowinski S Bem S Jakus-Stoga D Effects of occupational exposure to mercury vapors on T-cell and NK- cell populations. Arch Med Res (1996 Winter) 27(4):503-7 Presented changes in human T-lymphocytes population associated with occupational exposure to mercury vapors have been proposed to explain the origin of more frequent autoimmunity induced by mercury
Kosuda LL Hannigan MO Bigazzi PE Leif JH Greiner DL Autoimmunity (1996) 23(2):77-89 Thymus atrophy and changes in thymocyte subpopulations with mercury induced renal autoimmune disease.
Ostman PO Anneroth G Skoglund A Amalgam-associated oral lichenoid reactions. Clinical and histologic changes after removal of amalgam fillings. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod (1996 Apr) 81(4):459-65
....the effect of removal of amalgam fillings cannot be predicted by epicutaneous patch testing and biopsies - 69% had complete regression of disease after amalgam removal.
Edlund C Bjorkman L Ekstrand J Sandborgh-Englund G Nord CE Clin Infect Dis (1996 Jun) 22(6):944-50 Resistance of the normal human microflora to mercury and antimicrobials after exposure to mercury from dental amalgam fillings
A significant correlation exists between the prevalence of mercury resistance and multiple antimicrobial resistance in intestinal bacterial strains was observed
Ariza ME Williams MV Mutagenesis of AS52 cells by low concentrations of lead(II) and mercury(II) Environ Mol Mutagen (1996) 27(1):30-3Low concentrations of lead and mercury are Mutagenic
Pamphlett R Waley P Motor neuron uptake of low dose inorganic mercury. In: J Neurol Sci (1996 Jan) 135(1):63-7
Langworth S, Strömberg R A Case of High Mercury exposure from Dental Amalgam. European Journal of Oral Sciences. Jun 1996; 104(3):320-321
Sasaki G, Yokozeki H, Katayama I, Nishioka K Three cases of linear lichen planus caused by dental metal compounds. J Dermatol 1996 Dec 23:12 890-2
Bratel J, Hakeberg M, Jontell M Effect of Replacement of Dental Amalgam on Oral Lichenoid Reactions.: Journal of Dentistry. Jan-Mar 1996; 24(1-2):41-45
Ibbotson S H, Speight E L, Macleod R I, Smart E R, Lawrence C M The Relevance and Effect of Amalgam Replacement in Subjects with Oral Lichenoid Reactions British Journal of Dermatology. Mar 1996; 134 (3):420-423.
Lichtenberg H Symptoms before and after proper amalgam removal in relation to serum-globulin reaction to metals. Journal of Orthomolecular Medicine Vol 11 No.4. pp 195-203 1996.
Lindqvist B, Mörnstad H Effects of Removing Amalgam Fillings from Patients with Diseases Affecting the Immune System Medical Science Research. May 1996; 24(5):355-356
Östman P O, Anneroth G, Skoglund A Amalgam Associated Oral Lichenoid Reactions: Clinical and Histologic Changes After Removal of Amalgam Fillings. Oral Surgery Oral Medicine Oral Pathology Oral Radiology and Endodontics. Apr 1996; 81 (4):459-465.
Stejskal V, Forsbeck M, Cederbrant K E, Asteman O Mercury-Specific Lymphocytes: An Indication of Mercury Allergy in Man. J of Clin Immun, Vol. 16, No.1, 1996, pp. 31-40.
1997
Sato, K; Kusada, Y; Zhangihiro, H; Ishii, Y; Mori, T; Hirai, T; Yomiyama, T; Iida, K. An Epidemiological Study of Mercury Sensitization. Allergology International, 46:201-6, 1997. 5-8% allergic to amalgam
Grandjean, P; Weihe, P; White, RF; Debes, F; Araki, S; Yokoyama, I; Murata, K; Sorensen, N; Dahl, R; Jorgensen, PJ. Neurotoxicol Teratol., 19(6):417-28, Nov-Dec 1997Cognitive Deficit in 7-Year-Old Children With Prenatal Exposure to Methylmercury..
A cohort of 1022 consecutive singleton births was generated during 1986 - 1987 in the Faroe Islands.
Increased methyl mercury exposure from maternal consumption of pilot whale meat was indicated by mercury concentrations in cord blood and maternal hair.
Development at age 7 years is delayed in children born to women exposed to methyl mercury in their diet during pregnancy
Faroe Islands - Methylmercury Slows Children's Development
The Lancet Vol 350., November 15 1997
Grandjean notes that even when children born to mothers with a mercury exposure more than that defined as toxic by the US Environmental Protection Agency are removed from the analysis, delayed development still correlates with mercury exposure
World Health Organization. Consensus statement on dental amalgam, 7 March 1997.
WHO Letter re Consensus Statement
Ewa Carlsson Hopperger
Legal Officer
WHO Geneva
Schmidt F Mannsaker Mercury and creatinine in urine of employees exposed to magnetic fields. A study of a group electrolysis-operators in Norzink A/S in Odda] Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen (1997 Jan 20) 117(2):199-202
Kovacikova Z, Chorvatovicova D The chamber exposure of laboratory rats to metal oxides originating from metal producing industry. Institute of Preventive and Clinical Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic. Physiol Res 1997;46(1):41-5
1998
Joel Butler Neuropsychological Dysfunction Associated with the Dental Office Environment Professor of Psychology at the University of North Texas ICBM 1998
Echeverria, D., H. V. Aposhian, J.S. Woods, et al. 1998. Neurobehavioral
effects from exposure to dental amalgam Hg0: new distinctions between
recent exposure and Hg body burden. Amalgam FrÂgan,
(FRN), Stockholm, Sweden, February, 1998.
Aposhian, HV. Mobilization of Mercury and Arsenic in Humans by Sodium 2,3 Dimercaptopropane Sulfonate (DMPS). Environ Health Perspect., 106(Sup 4):101725, Aug 1998
Aposhlan, M.M.; Bittner, A.C., Jr.; Mahurin, R.K.; Cianciola, M. FASEB J., 12:971 80, 1998. "two thirds of the mercury in the bodies of humans with amalgam fillings comes from the fillings".
Caulk Co Contraindications 1998
MSDS for Tytin manufactured by Kerr Corp
MSDS for Ivoclar's Vivadent
ADA Council on Scientific Affairs. Dental amalgam: update on safety concerns. journal of the American Dental Association. 1998 129:494-503.
Executive Summary from a risk assessment commissioned by the National Health & Medical Research Council of Australia, as part of a series of recommendations put forward by a working party 1998
Hock C., Drasch G., et al J Neural Transm., 105(1):59-68, 1998
2001
Christopher C.W. Leong, Naweed I. Syed, and Fritz L. Lorscheider NeuroReport Volume 12, number 4, 733-737 2001 Convincing new evidence of adverse behavioral effects associated with low Hg exposures within the range of that received by the general population. Retrograde degeneration of neurite membrane structural integrity of nerve growth cones following in vitro exposure to mercury
The chronic exposure to mercury may be a potential factor in neurodegeneration in humans that could ultimately be observed as altered behaviour.
Retrograde degeneration of neurite membrane structural integrity of nerve growth cones following in vitro exposure to mercury
Over a 2-year period in over 40 different cultures, it was found that an average of 77% nerve growth cones were affected by exposure to mercury ions.
When neurons were exposed to the heavy metals aluminium, lead, cadmium and manganese, there was no observed degeneration of the growth cones.
Dr. Haley, commenting on the importance of this new documentation -
Seven of the characteristic markers that we look for to distinguish Alzheimer's disease can be produced in normal brain tissues, or cultures of neurons, by the addition of extremely low levels of mercury.
In addition, research has shown that Alzheimer's diseased patients have at least 3 times higher blood levels of mercury than controls.
How much more research is necessary before the appropriate regulatory bodies respond with restrictions on the use of mercury-leaking dental amalgam fillings?
BIOPROBE COMMENT: This study should remove all doubt regarding the role that dental mercury from amalgam fillings plays in the development of Alzheimer's Disease (AD).
2003
The National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia 2002 release: Current Position of the Australian Dental Association from their web site Oct 2003
Toxic metal clue to autism
18 June 03 Exclusive from New Scientist Print Edition. A study of mercury levels in the baby hair of children who were later diagnosed with autism has produced startling results. The babies had far lower levels of mercury in their hair than other infants, leading to speculation that autistic children either do not absorb mercury or, more likely, cannot excrete it.
WHO & Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Statement Elemental Mercury and Inorganic Mercury Compounds Human Health Aspect (No50) 2003 based on the Toxicological profile for mercury (update) published by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry of the US Department of Health and Human Services. (ATSDR 1999) published under joint sponsorship UN Environment program, international labour organisation world health organization interorganisation program for sound management of chemicals
California PROPOSITION 65:
Warning on dental amalgam, used in many dental fillings, causes exposure to mercury, a chemical known to the state of California to cause birth defects or other reproductive harm.
Root canal treatments and restorations including fillings, crowns and bridges, use chemicals known to the state of California to cause cancer.
EPA biochemist Kathryn R. Mahaffey EPA's Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances Jan. 26 presentation at EPA's National Forum on Contaminants in Fish
Swedish Government Report On Dental Amalgam and Mercury 2003 Title: Dental Materials and Health Author: Maths Berlin